Solar Cells convert light energy into electricity at the atomic level. It was first discovered in 1839, the process of producing electric current in a solid material with the aid of sunlight wasn't truly under-stood for more than a hundred years.
Throughout the second half of the 20th century, the science has been refined and process has been more fully explained. As a result the cost of these devices has put them into the mainstream of modem energy producers. This was caused in part by advances in technology, where PV conversion efficiencies have been improved.
Solar Cells convert light energy into electricity at the atomic level. It was first discovered in 1839, the process of producing electric current in a solid material with the aid of sunlight wasn't truly under-stood for more than a hundred years.
Throughout the second half of the 20th century, the science has been refined and process has been more fully explained. As a result the cost of these devices has put them into the mainstream of modem energy producers. This was caused in part by advances in technology, where PV conversion efficiencies have been improved.
Solar Cell Materials
The most important parts of a solar cell are the semiconductor layers, this is where the electron current is created. There are a number of different materials available for making these semiconducting layers, and each has benefits and drawbacks. Unfortunately, there is no one ideal material for all types of cells and applications.
In addition to the semiconducting materials, solar cells consist of a top metallic grid or other electrical contact to collect electrons from the semiconductor and transfer them to the external load, and a back contact layer to complete the electrical circuit. Then, on top of the complete cell is typically a glass cover or other type of transparent encapsulant to seal the cell and keep weather out, and a anti-reflective coating to keep the cell from reflecting the light back away from the cell. A typical solar cell consists of a cover glass, a anti-reflective layer, a front contact to allow the electrons to enter a circuit and a back contact to allow them to complete the circuit, and the semiconductor layers where the electrons begin to complete there voyages!
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